Muburyo isi yinjira mwisoko ryisi yose, icyayi, nka kawa, cakao nibindi binyobwa, byashimiwe cyane nibihugu byiburengerazuba kandi bibaye ibinyobwa binini ku isi.
Dukurikije imibare iheruka gukorwa n’inama mpuzamahanga y’icyayi, mu 2017, ubuso bw’icyayi ku isi bwageze kuri hegitari miliyoni 4.89, icyayi kiva kuri toni miliyoni 5.812, naho icyayi ku isi kikaba cyari toni miliyoni 5.571.Kuvuguruzanya hagati y’icyayi ku isi no kugurisha biracyagaragara.Ubwiyongere bw'icyayi ku isi buturuka ahanini mu Bushinwa n'Ubuhinde.Ubushinwa bwabaye icyayi kinini ku isi.Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, gutondeka no gusesengura umusaruro w’icyayi ku isi n’ubucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi, gusobanukirwa neza n’ingaruka z’inganda z’icyayi ku isi, bifite akamaro kanini mu gutegereza icyerekezo cy’iterambere n’ubucuruzi bw’inganda z’icyayi mu Bushinwa, kuyobora ibicuruzwa- kuvugurura imiterere, no kuzamura ubushobozi mpuzamahanga bwicyayi cyabashinwa.
★ Umubare w'ubucuruzi bw'icyayi wagabanutse
Dukurikije imibare yatanzwe n’ububiko bw’umuryango w’abibumbye bwita ku mibare y’ibiribwa n’ubuhinzi, kuri iki cyiciro hari ibihugu 49 by’ibihingwa by’icyayi, kandi ibihugu bikoresha icyayi bikubiyemo ibihugu n’uturere 205 ku migabane itanu.Kuva mu 2000 kugeza 2016, ubucuruzi bwicyayi ku isi bwerekanye icyerekezo cyo kuzamuka hanyuma kigabanuka.Ubucuruzi bw’icyayi ku isi bwiyongereye buva kuri toni miliyoni 2.807 mu 2000 bugera kuri toni miliyoni 3.4423 muri 2016, bwiyongera 22.61%.Muri byo, ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga byiyongereye biva kuri toni 1,343.200 mu 2000 bigera kuri toni 1.741.300 muri 2016, byiyongera 29.64%;ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byiyongereye biva kuri toni 1.464.300 mu 2000 bigera kuri toni 1.701.100 muri 2016, byiyongera 16.17%.
Mu myaka yashize, ubucuruzi bw’icyayi ku isi bwatangiye kwerekana ko bugabanuka.Umubare w'ubucuruzi bw'icyayi muri 2016 wagabanutseho toni 163.000 ugereranije n'icyo gihe cyo muri 2015, umwaka ushize wagabanutseho 4.52%.Muri byo, ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga byagabanutseho toni 114.500 ugereranije n’icyo gihe cyo muri 2015, umwaka ushize wagabanutseho 6.17%, naho ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byagabanutseho toni 41.100 ugereranije n’igihe kimwe cya 2015, umwaka-ku- umwaka wagabanutseho 2,77%.Ikinyuranyo kiri hagati y’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bikomeje kugabanuka.
Distribution Isaranganya ry’imigabane y’ubucuruzi bwicyayi ryarahindutse
Hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’icyayi n’umusaruro, ubwinshi bw’ubucuruzi bwicyayi hagati yimigabane bwateye imbere.Mu 2000, icyayi cyoherezwa mu mahanga muri Aziya cyagize 66% by’icyayi cyoherezwa mu mahanga ku isi, kikaba aricyo kintu cy’ingenzi cyoherezwa mu mahanga icyayi ku isi, gikurikirwa na Afurika kuri 24%, Uburayi kuri 5%, Amerika kuri 4%, na Oceania kuri 1%.Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2016, icyayi cyoherezwa mu mahanga muri Aziya nk'umugabane w'icyayi cyoherezwa mu mahanga ku isi cyaragabanutseho amanota 4 ku ijana kigera kuri 62%.Afurika, Uburayi na Amerika byose byiyongereyeho gato, bizamuka kugera kuri 25%, 7%, na 6%.Umubare w'icyayi cyoherezwa mu mahanga cya Oceania ku isi ntiwigeze uba muke, wagabanutse kugera kuri toni miliyoni 0.25.Turashobora kubona ko Aziya na Afrika aribwo mugabane wingenzi wohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.
Kuva mu 2000 kugeza 2016, icyayi cyoherezwa mu mahanga cya Aziya cyarenze 50% by'icyayi cyoherezwa mu mahanga ku isi.Nubwo umubare wagabanutse mu myaka yashize, uracyari umugabane munini wohereza icyayi mu mahanga;Afurika nu mugabane wa kabiri munini wohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.Mu myaka yashize, icyayi Umubare w’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga wazamutseho gato.
Urebye icyayi gitumizwa ku migabane yose, Aziya yatumije mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20 igera kuri 3%.Kugeza mu 2000, yari imaze kugera kuri 36%.Muri 2016, yariyongereye igera kuri 45%, ihinduka isoko nyamukuru yo gutumiza icyayi ku isi;Uburayi mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19 Ubushinwa bwatumizaga mu mahanga bwinjije 64% by'icyayi ku isi byatumijwe mu mahanga, byagabanutse kugera kuri 36% mu 2000, ugereranije na Aziya, bikomeza kugabanuka kugera kuri 30% muri 2016;Ibicuruzwa byatumijwe muri Afurika byagabanutseho gato kuva 2000 kugeza 2016, biva kuri 17% bigera kuri 14%;Icyayi cyo muri Amerika gitumiza mu mahanga cyagize uruhare ku isi ku isi ahanini kidahindutse, kugeza kuri 10%.Ibicuruzwa biva muri Oceania byiyongereye kuva mu 2000 kugeza 2016, ariko umugabane wacyo ku isi wagabanutseho gato.Turashobora kubona ko Aziya n'Uburayi aribwo mugabane nyamukuru utumiza icyayi ku isi, kandi icyerekezo cyo gutumiza icyayi mu Burayi no muri Aziya cyerekana icyerekezo cyo “kugabanuka no kwiyongera”.Aziya yarenze u Burayi ibera umugabane munini utumiza icyayi.
★ Kwibanda ku cyayi cyo gutumiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze byibanze cyane
Mu bihugu bitanu bya mbere byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu 2016 ni Ubushinwa, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Ubuhinde na Arijantine, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bingana na 72.03% by’icyayi cyoherezwa mu mahanga ku isi.Icyayi icumi cyohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga icyayi cyoherezwa mu mahanga cyinjije 85,20% by’icyayi cyoherezwa mu mahanga ku isi.Birashobora kuboneka ko ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere aribyo bihugu byohereza icyayi hanze.Ibihugu icumi bya mbere byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ni ibihugu byose bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, bihuje n'amategeko y’ubucuruzi bw’isi, ni ukuvuga ko ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere byiganje ku isoko ry’ibikoresho fatizo byongerewe agaciro.Sri Lanka, Ubuhinde, Indoneziya, Tanzaniya n'ibindi bihugu byagaragaye ko igabanuka ry'icyayi cyoherezwa mu mahanga.Muri byo, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bya Indoneziya byagabanutseho 17,12%, Sri Lanka, Ubuhinde, na Tanzaniya byagabanutseho 5.91%, 1.96%, na 10.24%.
Kuva mu 2000 kugeza 2016, ubucuruzi bw'icyayi mu Bushinwa bwakomeje kwiyongera, kandi iterambere ry'ubucuruzi bwoherezwa mu mahanga ry'icyayi ryari hejuru cyane ugereranije n'ubucuruzi bwo gutumiza mu mahanga muri icyo gihe.Cyane cyane nyuma yo kwinjira muri WTO, habaye amahirwe menshi yo gucuruza icyayi mubushinwa.Muri 2015, Ubushinwa bwabaye igihugu kinini cyohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ku nshuro ya mbere.Muri 2016, igihugu cyanjye cyohereza icyayi mu mahanga cyiyongereyeho ibihugu n’uturere 130, cyane cyane ibyoherezwa mu cyayi kibisi.Amasoko yoherezwa mu mahanga kandi yibanda cyane cyane mu Burengerazuba, Amajyaruguru, Afurika, Aziya no mu bindi bihugu n'uturere, cyane cyane Maroc, Ubuyapani, Uzubekisitani, Amerika, Uburusiya, Hong Kong, Senegali, Gana, Mauritani, n'ibindi.
Ibihugu bitanu byambere bitumiza mu mahanga icyayi mu 2016 ni Pakisitani, Uburusiya, Amerika, Ubwongereza na Leta zunze ubumwe z'Abarabu.Ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga byinjije 39.38% by’icyayi ku isi byinjira mu mahanga, naho ibihugu icumi bya mbere bitumiza icyayi ku kigero cya 57.48%.Ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere bifite umubare munini mu bihugu icumi bya mbere bitumiza mu mahanga icyayi, byerekana ko hamwe n’iterambere ry’ubukungu rikomeje, ikoreshwa ry’icyayi mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere naryo ryiyongera buhoro buhoro.Uburusiya n’ibihugu bikoresha icyayi n’abatumiza mu mahanga.95% by'abaturage bayo bafite ingeso yo kunywa icyayi.Nicyo gihugu gitumiza icyayi kinini ku isi kuva mu 2000. Pakisitani yazamutse vuba mu kunywa icyayi mu myaka yashize.Mu 2016, yarenze Uburusiya kuba icyayi kinini ku isi.gutumiza igihugu.
Ibihugu byateye imbere, Amerika, Ubwongereza, n'Ubudage nabyo ni byo bitumiza mu mahanga icyayi.Amerika n'Ubwongereza ni kimwe mu bihugu bitumiza mu mahanga n'abaguzi ku isi, bitumiza icyayi mu bihugu hafi ya byose bitanga icyayi ku isi.Mu mwaka wa 2014, Amerika yarenze Ubwongereza ku nshuro ya mbere, ibaye iya gatatu ku isi itumiza icyayi ku isi nyuma y'Uburusiya na Pakisitani.Mu mwaka wa 2016, icyayi cyatumijwe mu Bushinwa cyagize 3,64% gusa by’icyayi gitumizwa mu mahanga ku isi.Hariho ibihugu 46 bitumiza mu mahanga (uturere).Abafatanyabikorwa bakomeye mu bucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa ni Sri Lanka, Tayiwani, n'Ubuhinde.Bose hamwe hamwe bagera kuri 80% by'Ubushinwa butumiza icyayi cyose.Muri icyo gihe, icyayi gitumizwa mu Bushinwa kiri hasi cyane ugereranije n’icyayi cyoherezwa mu mahanga.Mu mwaka wa 2016, icyayi cyatumijwe mu Bushinwa cyinjije 18.81% gusa byoherezwa mu mahanga, byerekana ko icyayi ari kimwe mu bicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi by’icyayi ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byinjiza amadovize.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-17-2021
